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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders among women of reproductive age. It affects approximately 5-10% of women globally and can have a significant impact on various aspects of health, including fertility, metabolism, and overall well-being.

In this guide, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for PCOS, and provide insights on how to manage the condition for better health outcomes.

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What is PCOS?

PCOS is a condition that affects a woman's ovaries, leading to an imbalance in the reproductive hormones. This hormonal imbalance can cause a variety of symptoms, including irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth, acne, and cysts on the ovaries. Women with PCOS may also experience difficulties with fertility due to problems with ovulation.

The name "polycystic ovary syndrome" refers to the small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that can form on the ovaries. However, not all women with PCOS have cysts, and the condition can manifest in different ways from one woman to another.

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Causes of PCOS

The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to the development of the condition:

Hormonal Imbalance
- Women with PCOS typically have higher levels of androgens (male hormones), such as testosterone, which can disrupt the normal ovulation process and lead to symptoms like acne, excessive hair growth, and thinning hair.
- High levels of insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels, can also contribute to PCOS. Insulin resistance is common in women with PCOS, making it harder for the body to use insulin effectively. This can lead to higher insulin levels, which may exacerbate hormone imbalances.
Genetic Factors
- PCOS often runs in families, suggesting a genetic link. Women with a mother or sister who has PCOS are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves.
Inflammation
- Low-grade inflammation is often present in women with PCOS, which can contribute to insulin resistance and other symptoms of the condition.
Environmental Factors
- Lifestyle factors, such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and stress, may play a role in the development or worsening of PCOS.