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HPV - Human Papillomavirus

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 200 related viruses that can infect the skin and mucous membranes. Some types of HPV can cause warts on various parts of the body, including the genital area, while others may lead to more serious health problems, such as cervical cancer or other cancers in the genital, anal, and oropharyngeal regions.

In this guide, we will explore what HPV is, its symptoms, how it spreads, its associated risks, prevention methods, and treatment options.

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What is HPV?

HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. It is a DNA virus that primarily affects the skin and mucosal tissues (like those found in the mouth, throat, cervix, and genital areas). There are over 200 different types of HPV, which are categorized into low-risk and high-risk types based on their potential to cause disease.

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Low-Risk HPV

These types are usually associated with benign conditions such as:

Genital warts: These are growths or lumps that appear on the genital, anal, or mouth areas. They are not cancerous and can be treated or managed with medications or procedures.
Common warts: These appear on the hands or feet but are not typically sexually transmitted.

High-Risk HPV

These types can lead to more serious health problems, including:

Cervical cancer: Certain strains of HPV are responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer, particularly types 16 and 18.
Other cancers: High-risk HPV can also cause anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers (throat, mouth, and tonsil cancers).
Pre-cancerous changes: High-risk HPV can lead to abnormal cell changes, especially in the cervix, that may progress to cancer over time if not detected and treated early.

Symptoms of HPV

Most people with HPV do not experience any symptoms, and the virus often clears up on its own within 1 to 2 years without causing any harm. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:

Genital Warts
- Small, flesh-colored or grayish growths or lumps in the genital or anal area. These warts can appear individually or in clusters.
- They are often painless but can cause itching, discomfort, or bleeding.

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