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HSG - Hysterosalpingography

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a medical imaging technique used primarily to evaluate the health of the uterus and fallopian tubes in women who may be experiencing fertility issues or recurrent miscarriages. This procedure involves the use of contrast dye and X-ray imaging to assess the structure of the uterus and the patency (openness) of the fallopian tubes, which are essential for conception.

In this guide, we will explore what HSG is, how it is performed, its benefits, the risks associated with it, and why it is a crucial step in diagnosing fertility problems.

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What is HSG - Hysterosalpingography?

Hysterosalpingography is a radiologic procedure in which a contrast dye is injected into the uterine cavity, and X-ray images are taken to evaluate the shape of the uterus and the condition of the fallopian tubes. The procedure is often performed when a woman has difficulty conceiving, as blocked or damaged fallopian tubes or uterine abnormalities can be a significant factor in infertility.

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How HSG Works

Contrast Dye Injection: A contrast dye is introduced into the uterine cavity through a catheter inserted into the cervix. This dye shows up on X-ray images and helps outline the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.
X-ray Imaging: X-rays are taken during the procedure to capture real-time images of the dye as it moves through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes, if they are open.
Assessment: The doctor will look for abnormalities in the shape of the uterus (such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital anomalies) and check for blockages or abnormalities in the fallopian tubes.

Why is HSG Important?

HSG plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. The fallopian tubes are essential for the egg and sperm to meet and fertilize, so any blockage or damage to these tubes can prevent conception. Similarly, abnormalities in the shape or structure of the uterus can impact implantation or lead to miscarriages.

Conditions Identified by HSG

Blocked Fallopian Tubes: One of the most common reasons for infertility in women. HSG can detect whether the fallopian tubes are blocked or have adhesions (scar tissue).
Uterine Abnormalities: Issues such as fibroids, polyps, uterine septum, or congenital uterine abnormalities can be identified with HSG.
Cervical Problems: The procedure also helps in assessing any potential issues with the cervix, such as strictures (narrowing) or other abnormalities.
Tubal Patency: It is the best method to confirm whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked.

Why You Might Need an HSG

An HSG is typically recommended for women who have been trying to conceive for over a year (or six months if over the age of 35) without success. It is also used for women who have had recurrent miscarriages or other reproductive issues.

Here are some situations where an HSG might be suggested:

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